At the start of the internet revolution, developers made software installed at the client's system, and the client-based app accessed the server and its resources to run the applications.

Web applications eased the client server-based transfer of messages and data. In addition, it provided services to users to access applications through different platforms.

Earlier, JavaScript was used for fast-moving messages from the server to the client. Later in 2005, Ajax-enabled programs created web apps that could support data movement from server to client faster.

Nowadays, web applications are independent of the programming language and platform. It can be accessed from any machine and is compliant with different devices.

Progressive Web Application

The newest web application breed is a progressive net app built on modern browsers for mobiles, offering services like traditional websites.

Progressive web applications are Microsoft and Google-supported concepts based on reducing the gap between native and web apps. Twitter has been developing such applications, and its wider adoption reduced the need to install supportive phone SDK, tools, and languages.

Risks and Security

Security is key in organisations trying to protect data from internet-based threats. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent vulnerability and fix issues.

The user installs a firewall to secure an app, but such network-based security is insufficient. Moreover, attackers can enter the client-server system through browsers.

Securing the Browsers

• Most companies' databases are kept in the cloud, and most systems rely on browsers to handle user-based risks.  Attackers can get into the area through reverse engineering and understand the programming logic or mechanism of communication.

• It is also necessary to secure the client-side, as intruders can breach it.  The client-side security systems can provide security to prevent damage to brand image, intellectual property, government penalties, and loss.

• Some organisations apply the remediation process where patch management can be used to mitigate the vulnerability. However, most cases of hacking, up to 81 per cent, involve weak passwords; hence, the use of a strong password is promoted. Furtherly, infrastructure security is needed to deploy firewalls properly and prevent losses.

• Application security testing and developer training are also significant in this regard.

Many new apps are built on microservice architecture, which involves individual modules built and tested in parallel. Such smaller units help to create lightweight apps and improve the speed of delivery of services. It also provides portability and productivity.

A small change in a monolithic app may require a change in each part of the application code, but in the case of the microservice-based app, the changes in one unit can be implemented in all the others.

To load a monolithic app, the whole app has to be closed and restarted, but for smaller code units, one may not need to close down the whole system to restart. Such systems can be updated by updating a part of the whole unit.

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